(explanation of the lab) do part A onlyPART A Directions: The actual experiment part is the kazoo. (The meter stick is only a pretest.) Steps 1-3 are a pretest to give you an idea of what you are looking for during the actual
experiment. If you don’t have a meter stick, that is ok; use anything similar. It is ok for
you to skip these steps is you do not have the materials. Steps 4-5 are making your two kazoos. Step 6 is where you will test your kazoos and collect your data using your rating scale. Remember, since the experiment is about the kazoo, you will only graph the kazoo data
in the Data Analysis section. In the Data section make sure the meter stick and kazoo
data are in the same tableI will attach the lab, and the template in which you will write everything in.make sure everything is written like a lab report (format.pdf attached is the template) thank you!
lab_.pdf
format.pdf
Unformatted Attachment Preview
Name ___________________________
Chapter 17
Class ___________________
Date _____________
Mechanical Waves and Sound
Exploration Lab
Investigating Sound Waves
Sound is produced when a vibrating source causes a medium to vibrate. In
this lab, you will investigate how the vibrating source affects characteristics
of the sound produced.
Problem What determines the frequency and amplitude of the
sound produced by a vibrating object?
Materials
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•
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meter stick
2 cardboard tubes
scissors or scalpel
2 rubber bands
wax paper
balloon
small mirror
transparent tape
flashlight
Skills Observing, Inferring, Drawing Conclusions, Controlling
Variables
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.
Procedure
Part A: Investigating How Length Affects Pitch
1. Hold one end of a meter stick down firmly on a table so that
20 centimeters of the meter stick extends past the edge of the
table. Pluck the end of the meter stick that extends past the table
to produce a vibration and a sound. Observe the vibration and
sound of the meter stick.
2. Repeat Step 1, but this time allow 40 centimeters of the meter stick to
extend past the edge of the table. Observe and record how the length
of the vibrating part of the meter stick affects the pitch.
3. Repeat Step 1, but this time allow 60 centimeters of the meter stick
to extend past the edge of the table. Record your observations.
Physical Science Lab Manual
■
Chapter 17 Exploration Lab 323
Name ___________________________
Class ___________________
Date _____________
4. Investigate the relationship between length and frequency for a
vibrating column of air, as you did with the vibrating meter stick.
Make a kazoo by cutting a hole in the middle of one of the
cardboard tubes. Make the hole approximately 1 centimeter
in diameter. Use a rubber band to fasten the piece of wax paper
over one end of the tube. CAUTION: Be careful when cutting with
sharp instruments; always cut away from yourself and away from nearby
people.
5. Make a second kazoo by cutting the second tube 10 centimeters
shorter than the first tube. Using the short tube, repeat Step 4.
6. Hold the shorter kazoo in front of your mouth and hum into the
open end, keeping your pitch steady. Repeat this action with the
longer kazoo, making sure to hum exactly as you did before.
Observe and record how the length of the kazoo affects the
pitch of the sound.
324
Physical Science Lab Manual
■
Chapter 17 Exploration Lab
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.
Part B: Investigating How Frequency Affects Pitch and How
Amplitude Affects Loudness
7. Cut the neck off of the balloon. Replace the wax paper on the longer
kazoo with the cut-open balloon. Wrap the rubber band several
times around the end of the cardboard tube. The rubber band
should hold the balloon tightly stretched over the end of the tube.
Use tape to attach the small mirror onto the balloon on the end of
the tube.
8. Have a classmate shine a flashlight on the mirror, as shown, while
you hum into the kazoo. Your classmate should position the
flashlight so that a spot of light is reflected on the wall. It may be
necessary to darken the room. Observe how the spot of light moves
when you hum into the kazoo. Make a note of your position and
the position and angle of the kazoo and the flashlight.
Remove everything in red as that is my descriptions and reminders to you about what goes in
each section. You will remove anything in red and write the information specific to your
experiment.
Research Question:
Combine the independent and dependent variables in a one-sentence question.
Hypothesis:
Identify the outcome for each test and give a scientific explanation for why the predictions will
happen. The reader should know the expected order of the results (in other words, which value
will be the highest, which one is in the middle, and which one will be the lowest). Use your
vocabulary words in the explanation of why the predictions will happen.
Variables: make sure all variables have units and the values are identified.
Independent: this is what changes between each test.
Dependent: this is what is measured.
Controls: (identify at least 3 controls) this is what could have changed, but stays the same for
each test.
Materials:
List all the materials needed.
Procedure:
This is a numbered list of steps. The reader should be able to replicate your experiment exactly
by following your procedure steps. These are command statements, similar to a recipe. You
must write your own procedure steps. Copying directly from the book will result in a 0.
Data:
This is a table where all the data and observations are recorded. Make sure your table has a
descriptive title and all columns are labeled with units. Good table titles are complete
sentences.
NOTE: It’s your turn to create your own table this time.
Data Analysis:
This is a graph of the important data that answers the research question. Make sure you have a
descriptive title and axis labels with units. Good graph titles are complete sentences.
NOTE: It’s your turn to create your own graph this time.
Conclusion:
Always a paragraph! Identify how the hypothesis was supported, partially supported, or
unsupported in the first sentence. Then use the data to explain how the hypothesis was
supported and to explain the answer to the question. Then connect the results to the actual
science by explaining the science happening and if the science agrees with the experiment
results. This is a good place to use a source to back up your explanation. Cite the source with intext citations in MLA format.
Evaluation:
Identify the possible errors, how the possible errors may affect the data, and specifically how
the errors can be improved. (With simulation experiments it can be hard to come up with
possible errors so you can think of doing the experiment in real life instead to talk about the
possible errors.) Remember that possible errors come from where mistakes could happen in
the procedure steps.
Then state the importance of the results to “real” life.
Works Cited:
Cite sources in MLA format. You MUST have at least one source. You can use your textbook. A
good online source is physicsclassroom.com
Author. “Article Title.” Website/Book Title. Publisher, date of publication. Web/Print. Date of
access. .
…
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